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Until 1958, Trams in Adelaide formed a network spanning most of suburban Adelaide, with a history dating back to 1878. Adelaide ran horse trams from 1878 to 1914 and electric trams from 1909, but has primarily relied on buses for public transport since 1958. Electric trams and trolleybuses were Adelaide's main public transport throughout the life of the electric tram network. All trams except the Glenelg Tram were closed in the 1950s. The Glenelg line remains in operation and was upgraded and extended in 2007-2010. The early use of trams was for recreation as well as daily travel, by entire families and tourists. Until the 1950s, trams were used for family outings to the extent that the Municipal Tramways Trust (MTT) constructed gardens in the suburb of Kensington Gardens, extending the Kensington line to attract customers. By 1945 the MTT was collecting fares for 95 million trips annually — 295 trips per head of population. After the Great Depression, the maintenance of the tramway system and the purchase of new trams suffered. Competition from private buses, the MTT's own bus fleet and the growth of private car ownership all took patrons from the tram network. By the 1950s, the tram network was losing money and being replaced by an electric and petrol-driven bus fleet. Adelaide's tram history is preserved by the volunteer-run the Adelaide Tramway Museum at St Kilda (commonly called the "St Kilda tram museum"),〔(【引用サイトリンク】url = http://www.trammuseumadelaide.com.au )〕 and the continuing use of 1929 H type trams on the remaining Glenelg tram line. The Glenelg Tram was extended to Adelaide railway station in 2007 and to Adelaide Entertainment Centre in Hindmarsh in 2010. The upgrade included the first new tram purchases in more than 50 years. Three types of electric tram, built in 1929, 2006 and 2009 respectively, now run on the line. == Horse trams == In early 1855, less than twenty years after the colony was founded, South Australia's first horse tram began operating between Goolwa and Port Elliot on the Fleurieu Peninsula.〔The Critic (1909), p.6〕 Just over twenty years later Adelaide became the first city in Australia to introduce horse trams, and eventually the last to discard them for more modern public transport.〔 Although two trials of street level trains were run, the state of Adelaide's streets, with mud in winter and dust in summer, led to the decision that they would not be reliable.〔Kingsborough L.S. (1965), p.2〕 Sir Edwin T. Smith and W. C. Buik, the latter formerly mayor of Kensington and Norwood, spent some time inspecting European tramways during the 1870s. They were impressed with horse tram systems and, on returning to Adelaide, they promoted the concept leading to a prospectus being issued for the Adelaide and Suburban Tramway Co. (A&ST). Private commercial interests lobbied government for legislative support, over Adelaide council's objections related to licensing and control. As a result, the Government of South Australia passed an 1876 private act, authorising construction of Adelaide's first horse tram network.〔Radcliffe, I.C. (1974), p.23〕 It was scheduled for completion within two years, with of lines from Adelaide's city-centre to the suburbs of Kensington and North Adelaide.〔The Critic (1909), p.7〕 Completed in May 1878,〔Lewis H. (1985), p.139〕 services began in June from Adelaide to Kensington Park with trams imported from John Stephenson Co. of New York, United States.〔Hickey A. (2004), p.16〕 Until 1907 all horse tram operations were by private companies, with the government passing legislation authorising line construction. Growth of the network and rolling stock was driven largely by commercial considerations. On the opening day, the newly founded Adelaide and Suburban Tramway Co. (A&ST) began with six trams, expanding to 90 trams and 650 horses by 1907 with its own tram manufacturing facility at Kensington.〔Steele C. (1981), p.11〕 A Private act, passed in September 1881, allowed the construction of more private horse tramways and additional acts were passed authorising more line construction and services by more companies.〔The Critic (1909), p.8〕 Most of the companies operated double-decker tram, although some were single level cabs with many built by John Stephenson Co., Duncan and Fraser of Adelaide, and from 1897 by the A&ST at Kensington.〔 The trams ran at an average speed of , usually two horses pulling each tram from a pool of four to ten.〔Steele C. (1986), p.5〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Trams in Adelaide」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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